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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*bokanaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"false ribsface="Times New Roman Star"ëîæíûå ðåáðà









face="Times New Roman Star"pog|ana
face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ono so"o"k





face="Times New Roman Star"boqonoface="Times New Roman Star"bug|ana (su"jek)
face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ana (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 305, Ëåêñèêà 275.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"cedar, pinus Sibericaface="Times New Roman Star"êåäð, ñèáèðñêàÿ ñîñíà











face="Times New Roman Star"mo"s?, = dial. (Áàñê. Òóáà)

face="Times New Roman Star"bes 'pine', dial. 'larch bast' (ÄÑßß 1 81)
face="Times New Roman Star"po"`s?, (Castr. Krg.) bo"js?face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s?









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 71.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAldakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 hilt 2 stalk, stemface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðóêîÿòêà 2 ñòåáåëü, ñòâîë

face="Times New Roman Star"baldak 1face="Times New Roman Star"baldaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"baldaq 1 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"bo|ldo|q 1face="Times New Roman Star"baldaq 1

face="Times New Roman Star"baldaq 2








face="Times New Roman Star"baldaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"baldaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"baldaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"baldaq 1


face="Times New Roman Star"baldaq 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 60, ÝÑÒß 2, 52. Similar forms of the type *balc?ak may be borrowed from Mong., while WMong. baldag|, bardag|, Khalkha baldag, bardag, Mongor bardaG 'hilt' are rather < Turkic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bora-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 North wind 2 to snow heavilyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñåâåðíûé âåòåð 2 îáèëüíî ïàäàòü (î ñíåãå)

face="Times New Roman Star"bora(k) 1





face="Times New Roman Star"bora- 2









face="Times New Roman Star"bora- 2







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 80, ÝÑÒß 2, 189-192, Ëåêñèêà 45.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bEkreface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sterletface="Times New Roman Star"ñòåðëÿäü



face="Times New Roman Star"bekre (R)face="Times New Roman Star"bekre (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"bekre, bekire (dial.)









face="Times New Roman Star"bekire
face="Times New Roman Star"bikre


face="Times New Roman Star"bekire

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 68, ÝÑÒß 2, 108.
face="Times New Roman Star"*go"pe(ne)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"haystackface="Times New Roman Star"ñòîã ñåíà

face="Times New Roman Star"gebenface="Times New Roman Star"ku"be









face="Times New Roman Star"koba

face="Times New Roman Star"xo"pe:n



face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be|




face="Times New Roman Star"kebenface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 15, 80, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 308-309. Turk. > Hung. kepe 'sheaf', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"b-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to pound, hit (laundry)face="Times New Roman Star"áèòü, âûáèâàòü (áåëüå)


face="Times New Roman Star"ku"je|-









face="Times New Roman Star"kiv-













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 268, 290.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kog-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to drive, pursueface="Times New Roman Star"ãíàòü, ïðåñëåäîâàòü

face="Times New Roman Star"kog|- (since 17th cent.)


face="Times New Roman Star"qog|la- (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"xog|-
face="Times New Roman Star"qog|-

face="Times New Roman Star"kuola:-












face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 9-10, VEWT 275 (should be distinguished from PT *Kob-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurgakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"palateface="Times New Roman Star"íå'áî









face="Times New Roman Star"xurg|ax
face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|aq















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 303, Ëåêñèêà 230.
face="Times New Roman Star"*burutface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"moustacheface="Times New Roman Star"óñû


face="Times New Roman Star"murt (dial., Sib.)face="Times New Roman Star"burut (Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"murt, murutface="Times New Roman Star"burut

face="Times New Roman Star"murt








face="Times New Roman Star"murutface="Times New Roman Star"murtface="Times New Roman Star"murt, murut



face="Times New Roman Star"murt, murut

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 301 (sub byd|yk), VEWT 90, TMN 2, 290-291, Ëåêñèêà 224 (with etymological discussion).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kek- / *Kak-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 curved 2 stick with a hook 3 latch 4 to bend 5 to bend one's neckface="Times New Roman Star"1 êðèâîé 2 ïàëêà ñ êðþêîì 3 ùåêîëäà 4 ãíóòüñÿ 5 âûãèáàòü øåþ

face="Times New Roman Star"keke, dial. gege 2face="Times New Roman Star"ke|kre, ke|jre 1, 2, ke|kre|j- 4, (Sib.) ke|ge| 3
face="Times New Roman Star"kekkaj-, qaqqaj- 5





face="Times New Roman Star"kekej- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"kagúr 2, 3, kagúr-t- 5face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ij-, kekej- 5


face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kekej- 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kekirej- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"ka"kere 1, ka"kera"j- 4, ka"ka"-n|-la"- 'èçâèâàòüñÿ î çìåå', qaqaj- 5


face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kejkej- 5

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248.
face="Times New Roman Star"*da:ry-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to touch, fall upon, attackface="Times New Roman Star"äîòðàãèâàòüñÿ, íàïàäàòü

face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) dary- (14 c.)face="Times New Roman Star"tary-face="Times New Roman Star"dary- (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"daras?-face="Times New Roman Star"da:ra-




face="Times New Roman Star"ta:ryj-





face="Times New Roman Star"tary-





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 149. Despite VEWT 133, hardly a mongolism (but Kaz., Nogh., KKalp. dary- are probably < Mong. dag|ari-). One should perhaps link also *dAry-n-, *dAry-l- 'to become angry, offended' (ÝÑÒß 3, 161-162 - pass. or medial forms, i.e. *'to be touched, approached').
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"desolate, uninhabitedface="Times New Roman Star"ïóñòûííûé, íåîáèòàåìûéface="Times New Roman Star"o"n| (Orkh., OUygh.)




face="Times New Roman Star"on|c?e| 'îäèíîêèé, óåäèíåííûé'





















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 168.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jorukanface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 badger 2 suslikface="Times New Roman Star"1 áàðñóê 2 ñóñëèê









face="Times New Roman Star"c?oraxa (R)
face="Times New Roman Star"joroqon (R)















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 207. Turk. > WMong. z?|orug|an, z?|oruqan, Kalm. zorg|@n, zorx@n (KW 476).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jabryface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of birds and animalsface="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø ïòèö è æèâîòíûõ

face="Times New Roman Star"javru, javry
face="Times New Roman Star"javry (Ettuhf.)








face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|vúw|r, s/urú








face="Times New Roman Star"javru



face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 176, ÝÑÒß 4, 53, Ëåêñèêà 168-169, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 140-141, TMN 4, 220.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:panface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"boarface="Times New Roman Star"êàáàí

face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kabanface="Times New Roman Star"qabanface="Times New Roman Star"qaban (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|bo|nface="Times New Roman Star"qavan
face="Times New Roman Star"Gabanface="Times New Roman Star"Gaban

face="Times New Roman Star"qaman



face="Times New Roman Star"xavan
face="Times New Roman Star"qamanface="Times New Roman Star"qabanface="Times New Roman Star"qabanface="Times New Roman Star"qabanface="Times New Roman Star"qaban

face="Times New Roman Star"qaban
face="Times New Roman Star"qabanface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 216, ÝÑÒß 5, 164, Ëåêñèêà 156.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kat-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to heat (oven) 2 (fire) steel 3 to bakeface="Times New Roman Star"1 òîïèòü ïå÷ü 2 îãíèâî 3 ïå÷ü













face="Times New Roman Star"xot- 1face="Times New Roman Star"xatat 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr- 3








face="Times New Roman Star"Àøì. XVI, 256, ÝÑÒß 5, 335 (connected with *kat- 'dry', but in fact a different root because of the Chuvash form). However, if Mari oltas? 'heat' is from Bulg., the original form could be *Kal-t- and should be removed from the etymology (cf. Ôåäîòîâ 2, 372).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kybak / *Kabakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"white poplar, willowface="Times New Roman Star"áåëûé òîïîëü, èâà

face="Times New Roman Star"kavakface="Times New Roman Star"quvaqface="Times New Roman Star"qawaq (Houts.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq (Jarr.)
face="Times New Roman Star"GovaG


face="Times New Roman Star"qa:q, dial. qabaq
face="Times New Roman Star"õúw|va

face="Times New Roman Star"xa:kface="Times New Roman Star"xa:k


face="Times New Roman Star"qywaq
face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq



face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 215, ÝÑÒß 5, 170-171, TMN 3, 534-535. The variant *Kabak is probably secondary, due to vowel assimilation; qapaq in Uygh. is also secondary - a contamination with *Kap- 'cover'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jEn|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"frazilface="Times New Roman Star"øóãà, íàëåäü









face="Times New Roman Star"nen|
face="Times New Roman Star"n/en| (dial.)



face="Times New Roman Star"c?en|










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 197 (if not < unattested South.-Sam.?)
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kiben-teface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"shoulder yokeface="Times New Roman Star"êîðîìûñëî


face="Times New Roman Star"ko"je|nte|









face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|vende




face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jen|teface="Times New Roman Star"ku"jenface="Times New Roman Star"ko"je|nte|





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306 (the word should be distinguished from *Ku"b- 'to pound' q. v. sub *gi_ube).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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